Ethernet - (1)

Ethernet - (1)

Introduction :-

     

      Network involves connection of computers, Workstation and network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls. These devices are interconnected with each other with the help of a medium. Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network ( LAN ) technology and is formally defines by IEEE 802.3 standard. Ethernet makes use of different cables for communication between different computers.

      

       The high speed Ethernet is developed to increase the connectivity speed. All these standard use different transmission rates.

(1) High Speed Ethernet :-

     

       High speed Ethernet was developed in order to increase the connectivity speed between the terminals or computers in a particular network. The various high speed Ethernet standards are:

• Fast Ethernet or 100Base Ethernet – Defines Ethernet standards at the nominal arte of 100 Mbps, against the original Ethernet speed of 100 Mbps.
• Gigabit Ethernet (Gbe) – Describes Ethernet standards that support Ethernet packets at a rate of a gigabit per second (Gb/s) i.e. 1000 Mbps.
• 10-gigabit Ethernet (10Gbe) – Describes Ethernet Standards that support Ethernet packets at a nominal data rate of 10 Gbps, ten times faster than gigabit Ethernet.

(1.1) 100Base Ethernet :-

      

      A 100Base Ethernet defines a networking standard that supports data transfer rate up to 100 Mbps. 100base Ethernet is also known as FAST ETHERNET. This  type of Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD access method for data transmission which allows many devices to communicate without collision.

  

      Fast Ethernet is also stated as IEEE 802.3 specification standard which include 100Base-TX, 100Base-T4 and 100Base-FX Ethernet standards. Fast Ethernet is further sub-divided into two categories.

Categories of Fast ethernet

# Copper Cabled Ethernet :-

      In Copper Cabled Ethernet, the electric signals are transmitted over copper wires which mainly employ twisted pair cables. CAT5 type of Twisted pair cables are normally used for data transmission Ethernet.     

    

  Types of Cabling standards used for Copper cabled Ethernet are:

• 100Base-TX – Employs two pairs in Category 5 cable (CAT5). 
• 100Base-T4 – Employs 4 copper twisted pairs by using lower quality CAT3 or better cabling. One pair is reserved for transmitting, one for receiving and two pairs will switch direction as negotiated.
• 100Base-T2 – Employs two copper pairs for transmitting of data (CAT-3), 4 bits per signal.

CAT5 Unshielded Twisted pair cable

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