Transmission Media - (3)

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Transmission Media - 3

Summary on what we have studied last on last tutorial :-


  • Coaxial Cables consists of a solid copper core surrounded by an insulator made up of Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) of Teflon.
  • The insulator acts as a barrier between the braiding and inner core. If the insulator is absent, the shield and the core may come in the contact and cause a short circuit.
  • IEEE specifies stranded copper carrier wire with tin coating for thin coaxial cable and solid copper wire for thick coaxial cable.
  • RJ58 cable is approximately 0.64 centimeter in diameter and is mainly used in network in which the devices are frequently added or removed.
  • RG8 is a type of coaxial cable that is approximately 1 centimeter in diameter and mainly used as a backbone cable in Thicknet.
  • This type of wire is stiff cable with a solid center core covered by a foam insulator, a shielding braid and an ourter sheath. The outer sheath is mostly yellow in colour. 

(2.2) Twisted Pair Cable :-

      Twisted pair cables are cable of wires twisted around each other forms a twisted pair cable to reduce crosstalk. A number of twisted pair wires are placed inside a protective sheath to form a cable. Whenever a current passes thorough a wire, An electromagnetic force is generated around it is called as loop. When other wires comes into loop, the signals pass on to them. Thus the signal sof both the wires get jumbled each other. This phenomenon is called Crosstalk. To avoid this two wires are bounded each other where one wire acts as a ground and absorbs electromagnetic field of the other wire.
      
      This reduces the problem of crosstalk which is an internal noise.


 There are two types of Twisted pair cable :
  1. Unshielded Twisted pair cable
  2. Shielded twisted pair Cable

(2.2.1) Unshielded Twisted pair Cable :-

      A pair of unshielded wires wound around each other is known as an UTP. An UTP is a pair of copper wires wound by plastic insulators. UTP is cheapest form of cables available for networking purposes. It is mostly used in local area network (LAN) environments.
    
      The installation cost of the cable is very cheap as it is easy to install. An UTP cable is shown in the figure below.

Unshielded Twisted pair cable
Unshielded Twisted pair cable

      Electronic Industries Association ( EIA), Telecommunications Industries Association ( TIA) and American National Standards Institute ( ANSI ) are the organisation which have defined standards for UTP cabling. The ANSI/EIA/TIA commercial Building Wiring Standards define various types of cables to be used for various purposes. The cables are divided into different categories namely :
  • Category 5 (CAT5) - Defines a cable that can carry data upto 100Mbps. The signalling frequency of this cable is upto 100 MHz. This type of cable is primarily used in today's Networking Environment.
  • Category 5e (CAT5e) - Defines a cable that can carry data upto 1000Mbps with a signalling frequency of 100MHz. It is used to connect computers, Switches, Wifi routers and print servers.
  • Category 6 (CAT6) - Defines a four pair cable that provides and improved performance as compared to CAT 5e. Data is transferred at a rate of 1000Mbps at a rate of 250MHz.
  • Category 6a ( CAT6a) - Support a 10Gbps application with a signalling frequency of 500 MHz.
  • Category 7 ( CAT7 ) - Defines a fully shielded twisted pair cable that operates at a signal frequency of 600MHz. Fully shielded means all four pairs have a additional shield on them.

(4.2.2)  Advantages of UTP :-

  1. Cheapest form of cable available for Networking Purposes.
  2. Easy to handle and Install.

(2.2.3) Disadvantages of UTP :-

  1. Highly prone to external interfaces like EMI and RFI.
  2. Highly prone to crosstalk.
  3. Unable to provide a secure transmission protocol.


(2.2.4) Characteristics of UTP cable :- 


Characteristics of UTP cabele
Characteristics of UTP cabele




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