Networking Tutorials

Multiple Choice Questions  (MCQs) on Ethernet Questions : (Q1). The _ _ _ _ _ Ethernet standards employs two pairs of wires in a CAT5 cable. 100Base-FX 100Base-SX 100Base-TX 100Base-T4 (Q2). The maximum length of cable defined for 100Base-T is _ _ _ _ _ meter. 200 185 100 2000 (Q3). _ _ _ _ _ uses less expensive short wavelength light source and other optical components. 100Base-SX 100Base-FX 100Base-BX none of the above (Q4). The _ _ _ _ _ standard defines a single UTP solution called 1000Base-T. 802.3z 802.3ae 802.3ab none of the above (Q5). 1000Base-TX is simpler to implement and requires _ _ _ _ _ cable. CAT3 CAT6 CAT5 CAT7 (Q6). 10-Gigabit Ethernet supports a segment length upto _ _ _ _ _ kilometers. 2 10 40 100 Answers :- I will not tell/show the answer's of the above Questions now. Rather I asks you all to find the answers. I will reveal answers when there will be more than 10 Comments to sho

Switch Imlementation       In organization multiple switches are installrd to provisde network connectivity to many users as each switch supports maximum up to 48 users. Two common implementation strategies are : #(1) Implementation 1  :-       You can install the switches by connecting the switches one after another using it,s uplink port in cascade manner as shown in figure below :- Switch implementation 1        So in this case access speed and backbone speed is same i.e. 100Mbps. Access speed is the speed that any host will get if it is connected to one of the switch's access port. And backbone speed is the interconnection speed between the switches. #(2) Implementation 2  :-       Or you can connect all the switches to a central switch that is called backbone switch using their uplink ports as shown in the figure below :- Switch implementation 2         Here Switch 1 is called core switch and switch 2, 3 and 4 are called distribution switch. Switch

Ethernet - (3) Summary on What we have studied in last Tutorial  ? :- 1000Base-X is the first version published by the 802.3z standard. It is divided into a number of standards such as 1000Base-CX, 1000Base-SX and, 1000Base-LX . Gigabit Ethernet Provides speed of 1000Mbps.  It transmits data over UTP category 5e, or 6 cabling.Gigabit Ethernet is divided into following standards. (1.2.1)  Advantages of Gigabit Ethernet  :- Compatibility -  Gigabit Ethernet uses same transmission schemes and Frames format as they are used in 100Base-T and 100Base-T ( Fast Ethernet ) Ethernet. As a result, there is no need of complex, slow emulations and translations for Gigabit Ethernet. Hardware Cost -  The Hardware cost of Gigabit Ethernet is equivalent to the Cost of Tradtional Ethernet and Fast Ethernet hardware. Familiar Technology -  Gigabit Ethernet is supports the same technology and uses the same protocols as used in Ethernet and Fast Ethernet. Straight Forward Mana

Ethernet - (2) Summary on What we have studied in last Tutorial  ? :- Network involves connection of computers, Workstation and network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls . Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network ( LAN ) technology and is formally defines by IEEE 802.3 standard.  High speed Ethernet was developed in order to increase the connectivity speed between the terminals or computers in a particular network. Fast Ethernet is further sub-divided into two categories :- (1). Copper Cabled Ethernet & (2). Fiber Optic Cabled Ethernet. # Fiber optic Ethernet :-        Fibre cabled to Ethernet employes fibre optic cables for transmission of signals in which the electrical signals are converted to optical signals ( light signals ) for transmission through the cable which is made up of thin glass. These transmitted signals are again converted from light to electrical signals at the receiver end.      Types of cabling standards used for

Ethernet - (1) Introduction   :-             Network involves connection of computers, Workstation and network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls. These devices are interconnected with each other with the help of a medium. Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network ( LAN ) technology and is formally defines by IEEE 802.3 standard. Ethernet makes use of different cables for communication between different computers.               The high speed Ethernet is developed to increase the connectivity speed. All these standard use different transmission rates. (1)  High Speed Ethernet  :-              High speed Ethernet was developed in order to increase the connectivity speed between the terminals or computers in a particular network. The various high speed Ethernet standards are: Fast Ethernet or 100Base Ethernet  – Defines Ethernet standards at the nominal arte of 100 Mbps, against the original Ethernet speed of 100 Mbps. Gigabit Et

Multiple choice Questions  (MCQs ) on IP address   Questions  :- (Q1). Class_________Provides 65,534 host address. Class A Class B Class C Class D (Q2). Class D addresses are reserved for _____________.  Loop back Private addressing Multicast Broadcast (Q3). An IP address 255.255.0.0 is a default address mask of class__________. Class B Class A Class C Class E (Q4). IPv6 implements _____________ IP address whereas IPv4 implements 32-bit. 32-bit 64-bit 128-bit 256-bit (Q5). ___________ addresses are used to automatically assign an IP address to device in an IP network when IP address configuration protocols are unavailable. Private Link-Local IPv6 Loop-Back (Q6). IP address contain two addresses embedded within one IP address; __________ and Host address. Network address Host address Subnet mask None of the above. Answers  :- Class B Multicast Class B 128-bit Link-local Network address # Hey ! MCQs on Eth

Internet Protocol Address  (IP address) - 6 Summary on What we have studied in last Tutorial  ? :-        IP version 6 Address (IPV6) :-       IPv6 is the latest version of IP addressing. IPv6 implements 128-bit address whereas IPv4 implements 32-bit IP address. IPv6 implements first 64-bit for Network address while remaining 64-bit are reserved for host address IPv4 supports 4.3 billion addresses, which are not sufficient as per the growth of address requirements in recent years.        IPv6 provides with 3.4*10^28 ( 50 Octillion ) addresses which are much larger than the current requirement of IP address.       IPv6 address format is represented in Hexadecimal colon notation to make this address readable. The 128-bit address is divided into eight sections which is 2-byte in length and requires four Hexadecimal digits. Hence, the IPv6 address format consists of 32 hexadecimal digits, while every four digits are separated by a colon as shown in the figure :

Internet Protocol Address (IP address) - 5 Summary on What we have studied in last Tutorial  ? :- A Subnet Mask specifies which part of IP address is reserved for the network, and which part is available for host use. Class full address is consisting of three classes class A, class B, and Class C.  Each class has a default Subnet Mask.  An IP address is assigned to a Host may either be permanent address or address that is assigned to a host on a time lease or temporary basis. Hence, the address granted to hosts is divided into two categories  (a) Static IP address and  (b) Dynamic IP addresses.  All hosts located on a same physical network segment must have same network address. (6) Types of IP address  :- Different types of IP address are :- Unicast Address Multicast Address Broadcast address (6.1) Unicast IP address  :-       Unicast means one to one communication. When a data packet is sent from a host with destination address w

Internet Protocol Addressing (IP Addressing) - 4  Summary on What we have studied in last Tutorial  ? :- Class C will have 2 8  - 2 = 254 number of host IP addresses available to be assigned to the devices. Class C address class supports 2,097,152 network blocks.  The first network block starts from 192.0.0.0 to 192.0.0.255. The last network block in Class C starts from 223.255.255.0 to 223.255.255.255. Class D address class is designed for Multicasting. Class E address is reserved for future and experimental use.  Class A consists of eight 1s in the network address field and twenty-four 0s in remaining field, Class B consists of sixteen 1s in network address field, and sixteen 0s in remaining field, and Class C contains twenty-four 1s in network address field and remaining eight bits as 0s weeks. (3)  Identifying the class of IP address  :-       The IP address when specified in binary format an