IP address - (2)
Internet Protocol Address
(IP address) - 2
Summary on What we have studied in last Tutorial ? :-
- An IP address is a Unique Address assigned to a device in a
network.
- An IP address is a 32 bit address which is divided into various
Classes, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E.
- To make the IP address easier to read and interpret, they are
written in decimal format where a point is separated by a Byte.
(2.1) Class A IP Addressing :-
Class A consists of
8-bit Network ID and 24-bit Host ID, as show in the figure below;
So, each network
in class A will have 224 -2
= 16,777,214 number of host (IP) addresses available to assign to the
devices except for two reserved host addresses in each network.
Class A can be divided into 128 network
blocks ( number of Networks ) where the
first network block address starts from 0.0.0.0 to 0.255.255.255 where
0 ( first byte ) is the Network Id. Similarly, Second Network address start
from 1.0.0.0 to 1.255.255.255 where 1( first byte ) is the network
ID for Second Network block.
In Class A
addressing, the first network block and the last network block are
reserved for Special purpose. Class A provides 1 reserved network address
Block for Private address.
Hence, class A
provides 125 Network blocks while each Block in Class A
provides 16,777,216 host addresses that is why it is used to
serve IP addresses for Big Organisation.
Considering the single Network Block, within Host
addresses the first host address and the last host address is reserved for
special use.
 |
| Class A IP address Structure |
Note :-
Reserved host addresses
are one for network address and another for broadcast
address. First byte of Class A specifies Decimal Values from 0 to
127.
(2.2) Class B IP addressing :-
Class B addresses consists of
16-bit network ID and 16-bit host ID; as shown in Figure Below:-
 |
| Class B IP address Structure |
So, each network in Class B
will have 216 - 2 = 65,534 number of host (IP)
addresses available to assign to the devices. This address class consists of
16,384 network blocks. The first block starts from 128.0.0.0 to128.0.255.255.
In this address class the first two bytes represent network ID that is
128.0.x.x where ''x'' is any number between 0 and 255. The second network
block starts from 129.0.0.0 to 129.255.255.255.
The last network block of
class B is 191.255.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 where, the network ID of block is
191.255.x.x.
Class B provides 16 reserved
network address blocks for private addresses. Hence, the remaining 16,368
network address blocks are used for assigning address to various organisations.
Each network address blocks in the class contains 65,536 host addresses. Within
Host addresses in a network block, the first and the last host address is
reserved for Special use. Class B is designed to serve IP addresses for mid
level organisation.
Note :-
First Byte of Class B specifies Decimal
Values from 128 to 191.
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